Desafíos normativos de la Responsabilidad de Proteger: un acercamiento teórico desde la institucionalización a la contestación
Autores
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Miguel Mikelli Ribeiro
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-6310
Resumo
Este artículo aborda los desafíos del progreso institucional de la Responsabilidad de Proteger (R2P) en las Naciones Unidas (ONU) basado en disputas políticas sobre entendimientos normativos. Se argumenta que las potencias emergentes del Sur Global han buscado moldear la norma promoviendo un cierto tipo de interpretación, aplicando sus puntos de vista en diferentes contextos de la organización. Particularmente, el autor utiliza el caso de China para evaluar si Beijing utiliza el concepto de R2P en otros foros que no traten específicamente la norma, para ver si existe una estrategia sistemática de contestación. El artículo primero explora la evolución de la norma desde su institucionalización hasta su contestación en un proceso no lineal; luego profundiza en el trasfondo normativo teórico para prepararse para el análisis de caso. Con respecto al caso de China, se enfoca en responder tres preguntas principales: ¿China utiliza el concepto de R2P sistemáticamente en el foro sobre la protección de civiles? Si es así, ¿cómo usa China el término y hay algún patrón identificado en su posición? Finalmente, ¿China transfiere su comportamiento norm-shaper hecho en las discusiones de R2P a este foro sobre la protección de civiles? El autor utiliza una combinación de métodos de análisis de contenido interpretativo y cualitativo para comprender a China y responder a estas preguntas. El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la comprensión de cómo las potencias emergentes están buscando expandir su comportamiento norm-shaper sistemáticamente en los foros de la ONU.
Palavras-chave:
Responsabilidad de proteger, Contestación, Escuela Inglesa, Normas internacionales, ChinaReferências
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